T-Bone Crash: Meaning , Injuries, and Who is at Fault

What is a T-Bone Crash

A T-bone collision occurs when the front end of a motor vehicle perpendicularly crashes into the side of another motor vehicle, making a T shape. This is also often referred to as a broadside collision. T-bone collisions are among the most treacherous of all traffic accidents and are likely to kill their victims.

Drivers and passengers hit in the side during a T-bone collision have the thin vehicle’s door for their only protection from injury or death. They don’t have the vehicle’s front end to protect them and might not have side airbags to minimize injuries during the crash.

Below we offer an in-depth look at T-bone collisions, including where they happen, why they happen, and steps you should take if you are involved in a T-bone motor vehicle accident. A strong understanding of this type of collision can help you avoid causing a T-bone collision or suffering injuries as a T-bone accident victim.

However, even if you are the safest driver and do everything right, a T-bone collision can still occur because of other drivers. If this happens to you, always discuss your legal options and next steps with a car accident attorney. These injury claims are rarely straightforward, and you want a law firm with experience and resources seeking the compensation you deserve.

Where Do T-Bone Collisions Occur?

Intersections are the most common location for T-bone accidents because this is where motor vehicles cross each other’s paths most frequently. Intersections are the most dangerous places for vehicles, causing many cities and towns to convert some busy intersections to roundabouts, maintaining steady traffic flow and leading to fewer accidents.

Why Are Intersections Dangerous?

Specific things make intersections more dangerous for vehicles than other areas and more prone to accidents, most of which are T-bone collisions.

Examples include:

• Intersections are common points of conflict. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) researches road safety issues and implements solutions to common traffic issues to reduce injuries and fatalities on roads and highways throughout the country. In the FHWA’s research about intersections, the agency refers to them as “planned points of conflict” in all road systems, including residential streets, county roads, and state highways. According to the FHWA, about 20 percent of all traffic deaths and about 40 percent of all injuries occur at intersections, making them one of the agency’s main focus areas to improve road safety. Almost 50 percent of collisions at intersections are T-bone collisions, referred to as angular collisions by the FHWA, making them the most common type of accident at intersections.
• Even safe drivers make errors. Intersections are not dangerous unless drivers are on the road. When drivers are distracted, impaired, tired, or make poor choices, crowded intersections are dangerous for others who share the road, including cyclists and pedestrians. Engineers and researchers who focus on road construction and intersections give ample attention to human error. When behind the wheel, drivers must receive and process that information to react appropriately. The average person processes one piece of information at a time, and intersections hurl large amounts of information at a driver. When drivers don’t process all of the information provided or process it differently when driving through an intersection, they make T-bone collisions much more likely.
• Not all intersections have traffic control devices. Most intersections in rural areas do not have stop signs, traffic signals, or any other type of traffic control devices, putting drivers at risk for a dangerous and potentially fatal T-bone accident. Yet, accidents also occur at intersections with traffic control devices. They might result from careless or distracted drivers who ignore or miss the device, and poor road design might lead to other accidents. Engineers who design roads carefully evaluate the best traffic control features on the road and at specific intersections, sometimes making the wrong decision. When engineers make poor decisions or traffic has outgrown current control devices, drivers face an increased risk of T-bone collisions. Other engineering issues that can cause a T-bone accident include low time settings for yellow lights, forcing drivers to run red lights, and traffic signals with obstructed views, making it difficult for drivers to obey the signal or react when it changes color.
• Left-hand turns occur at intersections. Making a left-hand turn requires drivers to cross traffic, making intersections dangerous, especially uncontrolled intersections. Large intersections and small intersections with driveways or parking lots can also be the site of a T-bone collision when drivers make a left-hand turn across one or more lanes of traffic. The National Highway Transportation Safety Association (NHTSA) estimates that more than 53 percent of T-bone accidents involve left-hand turns.

Driver-Related Risk Factors for T-Bone Accidents

Many factors increase the risk for T-bone collisions, including maintenance issues, environmental and road conditions, and driver actions. You cannot control environmental factors, and you should always ensure your brakes are in working order so that you don’t cause an accident when trying to stop at an intersection. You can, however, make choices when you drive and watch for behaviors in other drivers that can put you at risk for a T-bone accident. Some common driver-related risk factors for T-bone collisions include:

Distracted Driving

The law defines distracted driving as any visual distraction that takes your eyes off the road, a manual distraction that takes your hands off the wheel, and a cognitive distraction that takes your mind away from driving. Distracted drivers can cause many types of accidents, but it most definitely puts drivers at risk for T-bone accidents at intersections. Drivers need to react and process information at an intersection, and distractions prevent them from doing this.

For most people, cell phones come to mind when they think of distracted driving. It is true that cell phone use, especially texting while driving, is a dangerous distraction that leads to many accidents. Many states have made texting and driving a primary offense, meaning law enforcement can pull over a driver for texting. Even with the dangers of cell phones and driving, other distractions also lead to dangerous and deadly traffic accidents.

Some examples include:

• Adjusting the radio, climate controls, or other vehicle features
• Programming a GPS
• Personal grooming, such as combing hair and applying makeup
• Watching an event outside of the vehicle, such as a car accident
• Talking with passengers
• Eating and drinking
• Reaching for items on the floor or in the back seat.
• Daydreaming

Driving Under the Influence of Controlled Substances

Driving while impaired by alcohol or drugs is illegal and can cause severe accidents, including T-bone collisions. Impaired drivers experience symptoms that make them more prone to traffic collisions and are much more likely to cause a T-bone accident.

These symptoms include:

• A slower reaction time
• Difficulty with short-term memory
• Reduced ability to coordinate hands and eyes, making steering a vehicle and making turns more difficult
• Reduced concentration that affects the ability to process information while driving
• Reduced ability to accurately judge space and time, also creating struggles with reacting to traffic control devices

Fatigued Driving

According to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), drivers who go 18 hours without sleep suffer the same impairment as those legally drunk at a 0.08 percent breath alcohol level. Like drunk or drugged drivers, fatigued drivers have difficulty processing all necessary information at an intersection, making fatigue a common risk factor for T-bone collisions.

Failure to get proper rest and driving at odd hours leads to the following consequences for drivers:

• Slowed brain function and reaction time for processing information
• Negative impact on vision and judgment
• Overall impairment of driving ability
• Potential of falling asleep at the wheel, which can result in a severe T-bone accident

Speeding

Driving carefully and responsibly means adhering to posted speed limits and taking extra care to slow down or stop at intersections, especially when stoplights or stop signs are present. When drivers speed, they cannot control their vehicles as easily. Speeding also makes it difficult to process and appropriately react at intersections, increasing the likelihood of being involved in a T-bone crash. Speeding also increases the level of impact during an accident, leading to more severe injuries and a greater possibility of fatalities.

Not Responding to Poor Visibility

The bright sun, rain, and fog can make it difficult for drivers to see other vehicles and traffic control devices when they approach an intersection. In the worst conditions, drivers might not see the intersection. Poor visibility makes intersections more dangerous, especially when drivers must turn left across traffic. Wearing sunglasses, regularly changing wiper blades, always using turn signals, and driving defensively can help drivers avoid being involved in a T-bone collision when poor visibility exists.

Driving Aggressively

When drivers operate their vehicles recklessly and have no regard for traffic laws, they put everyone on the road at risk for accident and injury. This is especially dangerous at intersections where a reckless driver might run a stoplight, stop sign, or try to go through a yellow light too late. Drivers who ignore traffic control devices can cause severe and fatal T-bone accidents because they typically don’t slow down at intersections, which leads to more dangerous crashes.

What to Do After a T-Bone Collision

Taking all the necessary steps to be a safe driver and avoiding poor choices behind the wheel that can lead to an accident can help protect you from falling victim to a T-bone crash. Yet, this doesn’t mean other drivers might still not cause a collision.

If you find yourself in a T-bone accident:

• Call for help. If you’re involved in a severe crash at an intersection, a witness might call 911 to ensure emergency vehicles and the police come to the scene quickly. Regardless, you should call immediately, if able, and give law enforcement officials as much information for their report as possible without including anything potentially incriminating. If you are lucky enough to walk away from your car, gather contact information, insurance policy information, and vehicle information from other drivers and witnesses at the scene while you wait for law enforcement to arrive.

• Go to the hospital. If you aren’t transported by ambulance, head to the nearest emergency room to let a doctor examine you for common car accident injuries. Internal injuries and head traumas, as well as some others, don’t always show immediate symptoms. Your health is a top priority, and you need the medical documentation for proof to insurance companies and the court if you file a lawsuit.
• Take pictures. Use your smartphone to take photos of the scene of the accident. You might need them later for your insurance company or the court to determine liability. You can also take photos of license plates and any visible physical injuries. Continue to take photos of your injuries through the healing process to provide additional documentation for your accident claim.
• File a claim under your mandatory PIP policy. Even if you didn’t cause the T-bone accident, you must file a claim under your Personal Injury Protection (PIP) policy if you live in a no-fault insurance state. Your policy will cover up to 80 percent of medical expenses and 60 percent of lost wages up to your policy limit, which is a minimum of $10,000.
• Contact a qualified car accident attorney. T-bone collisions are usually severe accidents that quickly meet or exceed your PIP policy limits. Recovering additional losses and receiving compensation for non-economic losses, such as pain and suffering, require you to take legal action against the at-fault driver. A competent auto accident lawyer can uncover the circumstances of the T-bone accident and build a case against the defense to maximize your odds of getting the compensation you deserve.
• Don’t discuss your case. Once you file a claim against the other driver, you should assume that the insurance company will investigate you and the accident. Keep all your case details off social media and only discuss them with your attorney to avoid providing information to an insurance adjuster who will try to devalue your claim.

If you suffered an injury in an accident and have questions about how to recover compensation, call a car accident lawyer for more information. Always get a lawyer on your side to protect your rights.

Who Is at Fault in a T-Bone Car Accident?

In just one year, Florida experienced 559 fatal accidents caused by failure to yield the right-of-way, which resulted in 3,271 accidents that featured incapacitating injuries and 10,835 accidents with non-incapacitating injuries. Failure to yield the right-of-way is a term used to describe a traffic infraction in which a driver is supposed to stop for a traffic light or stop sign to allow vehicles traveling on the intersecting road to have the right-of-way, but does not stop. As most T-bone collisions occur in the intersection, the at-fault party in this type of crash is almost always the driver who did not stop for the traffic control device and, therefore, failed to yield the right-of-way.

Here is a look at some of the common failure to yield violations that can lead to intersection accidents:

• Green lights versus green arrows: Making a left turn through oncoming traffic when there is a green light but not a green arrow. Unless there is a green arrow, the left-turning driver must yield the right-of-way to traffic in the oncoming travel lanes that also has a green light.
• Four-way stops: Many drivers fail to understand the right-of-way laws that involve four-way stops. At this type of stop, the first driver to reach the stop sign has the right-of-way. When two vehicles approach the intersection at the same time, the driver on the left must yield the right-of-way to the driver on the right.
• Three-way intersections: At this type of intersection, the driver on the roadway that is ending must yield the right-of-way to drivers on the through road, regardless of who arrives at the intersection first.
• Yellow arrows: A driver who is making a turn at an arrow that is flashing yellow must yield the right-of-way to oncoming traffic and can only complete the turn if the travel lanes that he or she must turn through are clear.
• Flashing red traffic lights or traffic lights that are out: Drivers should treat intersections where the traffic lights are all flashing red or that are not illuminated at all like four-way stops.

Can You Prevent a T-Bone Accident?

While not every intersection accident is preventable, there are several things that you can do to reduce your risk of becoming involved in a T-bone accident:

• Come to a complete stop at stop signs. Be sure to scan the roadway completely to ensure the intersection is clear before entering it.
• Remember that yellow lights do not mean speed up and get through the intersection. They’re provided as a warning to begin slowing to come to a complete stop when the light turns red.
• If turning left on a green light instead of a green arrow, make sure you have enough of a gap in traffic to safely complete your turn. When in doubt, wait until such gap exists, or until you’re provided the green arrow indicating that you have the right-of-way. Don’t enter an intersection and wait for the light to turn red to complete your turn.
• Always scan the roadway for potential hazards before entering an intersection, being mindful that not everyone you share the roadway with is going to obey traffic lights or laws. Take caution traveling through the intersection; do so at a safe speed that allows you the ability to stop for hazards if needed.
• If something is obstructing your view of cross traffic in the intersection, wait for the obstruction to clear before entering the intersection.
• Remember that it takes approximately five seconds to read or reply to a text. During this time, you may travel up to the length of a football field while having your eyes on that message, your hands on your phone, and your mind on a response. It is more than enough time to travel through a red light and into a busy intersection. Avoid texting and other distractions while driving.
• Do not drive if alcohol-impaired or drowsy.
• Slow down in low visibility situations, and use extra precautions to allow yourself plenty of time to stop for hazards.
• Allow yourself plenty of time to reach your destination. It is better to be twenty minutes late than injured or killed in a T-bone collision caused because you were speeding or driving aggressively in an attempt to get to your destination sooner.
• If you come to a four-way stop or an intersection where the lights aren’t working properly, follow four-way stop rules. If it is unclear as to who has the right-of-way, establish eye contact with the other drivers at the intersection. This typically results in one driver waving another through the intersection, or at the very least, gives you a clearer picture of the other driver’s intentions.

In Florida, the subject of red light cameras and their effectiveness in preventing accidents is a frequent cause of debate among lawmakers and the public. The cameras are designed to detect and photograph vehicles that run red lights, speed through intersections, or both. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, studies have revealed an overall reduction in the rate of crashes at intersections of 21 percent when red light cameras are used. T-bone collisions, in particular, were reduced up to 32 percent in communities using red-light cameras, with injury-causing T-bone accidents being reduced by up to 68 percent.

While some communities report an increase in rear-end accidents at intersections after the installation of red-light cameras, the institute noted that rear-end collisions are often less severe than broadside crashes. Commonly cited reasons for why some communities discontinue their red light camera programs include a decrease in citations, an inability to make the program financially viable, and community opposition.

Is T-Bone the Worst Accident?

A T-bone crash can be very dangerous and lead to severe injuries due to the impact on the side of the vehicle, since there is less protection compared to a front or rear collision. While they are among the worst types of accidents, it alls depends on factors like speed and the type of vehicles involved in the accident.

What Happens to Your Body During a T-bone Crash?

When you are involved in a t-bone accident your body can suffer serious injuries including whiplash, head injuries, chest, pelvis, and legs. These injuries can be severe and often require immediate medical attention.

What’s the Difference between T-Bone Crash and Broadside Accidents?

A T-bone crash happens when one car hits another at a right angle, creating a “T” shape—this often occurs at intersections. On the other hand, a broadside accident is a broader term that covers any situation where one vehicle strikes the side of another, including T-bones but also other angles. Knowing the difference can really help when we’re looking at your case!

If you were injured in a T-bone accident, a car accident lawyer can help you understand your legal options.